Quantum copying: Beyond the no-cloning theorem
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Quantum copying: Beyond the no-cloning theorem.
We analyze a possibility of copying (≡ cloning) of arbitrary states of quantum-mechanical spin1/2 system. We show that there exists a “universal quantum-copying machine” (i.e. transformation) which approximately copies quantum-mechanical states such that the quality of its output does not depend on the input. We also examine a machine which combines a unitary transformation and a selective meas...
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The quantum mechanical no-cloning theorem for pure states is generalized and transfered to the quantum logics with a conditional probability calculus. This is, on the one hand, an extension of the classical probability calculus and, on the other hand, a mathematical generalization of the Lüders von Neumann quantum measurement process. In the non-classical case, a very special type of conditiona...
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A classical version of the no-cloning theorem is discussed. We show that an arbitrary probability distribution associated with a (source) system cannot be copied onto another (target) system while leaving the original distribution of the source system unperturbed. For classical dynamical systems such a perfect cloning process is not permitted by the Liouvillian (ensemble) evolution associated w...
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It is well known that (non-orthogonal) pure states cannot be cloned so one may ask: how much or what kind of additional (quantum) information is needed to supplement one copy of a quantum state in order to be able to produce two copies of that state by a physical operation? For classical information, no supplementary information is required. However for pure quantum (non-orthogonal) states, we ...
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The digital currency Bitcoin has had remarkable growth since it was first proposed in 2008. Its distributed nature allows currency transactions without a central authority by using cryptographic methods and a data structure called the blockchain. In this paper we use the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics to introduce Quantum Bitcoin, a Bitcoinlike currency that runs on a quantum computer....
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical Review A
سال: 1996
ISSN: 1050-2947,1094-1622
DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.1844